Climate Change A Look On Public Health - 1261 Words

Bounds, Matthew Mrs. Dixon English Composition 3 November 2015 Climate Change: A Look on Public Health What will happen to the future of humanity if climate change is allowed to have its way with the human race? What disasters will climate change force upon civilization? Will the human race slowly be extinguished? What will happen to individual people as the Earth’s climate gets more and more violent? Climate change will affect the general public’s health; the only question is â€Å"How much?† Climate change’s effects are very real and some have even already started, Earth s surface temperature has already warmed more than 0.8  °C over the past century and roughly 0.6  ° C in the last 30 years. (Campbell-Lendrum) The main culprit is human†¦show more content†¦(Frumkin, Climate change and public health: thinking, communicating, acting.) â€Å"We [The CDC] expect to see an increase in the severity, duration, and frequency of extreme heat waves. Heat causes a range of health effects, from mild (heat cramps, heat exhaustion) to severe (such as heat stroke, which can be fatal). â€Å"Climate change will likely modify extreme weather events, such as floods, droughts, and heavy precipitation. In addition, some evidence suggests hurricanes could become more intense. The health effects of extreme weather events range from loss of life and acute trauma to indirect effects such as loss of home, large-scale population displacement and subsequent mental health effects, damage to sanitation infrastructure (drinking water and sewage systems), interruption of food production, and damage to the health-care infrastructure.† â€Å"Climate changes will likely affect air quality by modifying local weather patterns and pollutant concentrations, affecting natural sources of air pollution, and encourage the formation of ground-level ozone. Ozone can irritate the respiratory system, reduce lung function, aggravate asthma, and inflame and damage cells that line the lungs. In addition, it may cause permanent lung damage and aggravate chronic lung diseases.† â€Å"Altered weather patterns resulting from climate change could affect the distribution and incidence of food- and

Coles Supermarket Case Study for Promotion -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theColes Supermarket Case Studyfor Product and Promotion. Answer: Introduction Marketing is a mix of activities that companies used in trading to attract and keep customers (Investopedia LLC, 2017). This is essential to build and sustain the companys brand in the market. However, ethical issues must be taken into consideration while utilising different strategies in marketing. Coles is a supermarket giant operating across Australia for more than 100 years. Its rebranding of its own-brand products became a topic in 2009 because it was previously being criticised for having a similar logo with the Australian Heart Foundation. The tick symbol on the label of the products means that they meet the requirements of the Foundation regarding nutritional content. However, some of the products of Coles contains ingredients that causes health risks despite of its claims. Because of this, product and promotion of the 5Ps of marketing (Australian Government, 2017) are the main focus of the arguments regarding ethical issues. A Brief History of Coles Coles is a supermarket retailer founded by GJ Coles on 09 April 1914. Its first store was opened in Collingwood, Victoria (Coles Supermarket Australia Pty Ltd, 2017). During the last century, the history of the company includes: first electrical appliances sold (1946), launched cosmetic range (1948), converted the shop to self-service (1956), opened the first freestanding supermarket (1960), introduced home brand products (1970), used electronic scanners (1982), established liquor interests and creation of Coles Myer Ltd (1985), adopted new technology (1990), set up Flybuys program (1993), trialled online shopping in Melbourne (1999), inaugurated Coles Express service stations (mid 2004) and was acquired by Wesfarmers (2007). Currently, it has more than 780 stores operating around Australia. This supermarket offers a variety of products and services for consumers including grocery items, alcohol, insurance and credit card services, loyalty cards and many others. For over 100 years, Coles is committed to improving the quality of service they provide to their consumers. Their aim as of today according to Wesfarmers website (2017) is to provide a shop that Australians can trust, delivering quality service and value. They are trying to continue their efforts to sustain in the market while delivering quality fresh food for a cheaper price. Arguments Mislead Consumers Incorrect labelling This is mainly by using cholesterol free on the label even though the Trans fats that it contains make the cholesterol level to increase which can be harmful to consumers health once consumed. Label is an essential factor for consumers in deciding the right product that they need. According to Singh and Gupta (2016), label provides helpful information on the description and contents of a product, instructions on how to use it as well as its manufacturer. This is the first contact of a prospective buyer when sales agents are not around to help them decide which product to use so it should be accurately described. Because of its usefulness, there are different governing bodies created to ensure that label complies with the standards. By law, it is important to note that any form of misleading or deceptive conduct is illegal. Similarly, if a company did the same with their claims on their products or services, they will be held liable. Food Standards Australia New Zealand website (2015) states that Australian Consumer Law (ACL), which is confined in Competition and Consumers Act 2010, is enforced by Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) to protect consumers in Australia. In the Coles Branding case study, Coles made a claim on its canola and vegetable oils that is misleading to consumers. Putting a cholesterol free on the labels of the product is a misrepresentation because the Trans fatty acid ingredient of the oil could potentially increase the level of cholesterol of a person. This is critical to people especially those who have heart problems history in order to avoid any unnecessary consequences on their health. It appears that their cholesterol free claim is contradicting with the effects of the oil in the body. This should be explained by giving advisory statement to consumers about this issue. Free riding with the Heart Foundation logo Due to the similarity of logos of the Heart Foundation and Coles SmartBuy and Youll Love Coles as shown in the images below, it suggests that lower price items are as nutritious as the expensive ones and it is easily recognisable as a healthy option. (SMH Fairfax Media, 2009) Coles Branding Case Study (Cohen et al 2013) The National Heart Foundation of Australia (2016) is enthusiastic in improving the heart conditions and saving the lives of Australian. A white tick with a red circle background is its logo which indicates that an ordinary customer can distinguished healthier options compared to similar food since this is only put on labels of companies that meet their standard for nutrition including fat, salt and fibre. Because of this, it seems like the supermarket brand is somehow using the tick resemblance logo with the foundation to attract customers. Although this is legal, this can still potentially mislead the consumers on buying the right healthy product for them especially some of them are relatively cheaper. An ordinary consumer who has no enough knowledge regarding this matter may not understand this unless it is pointed out to them. In some cases, this may be too late as harm has been done already. Oppositions Argument or Position The consumers should read the label before buying the product. Every individuals needs are different with each other so every consumer has to carefully select the products that they need. This is in particular with the people who are health conscious and needed to limit the amount of certain food ingredients they intake. Sometimes, researching is necessary to avoid consequences as most of the food products are manufactured for everyday consumers and not for any specific types unless stated otherwise. However, this will not be achieved if there are no information included on the product itself by the manufacturer. As suggested by Boatright (2012), ensuring adequate information lies between the buyer and the seller. This means that customer shares responsibility with the seller when they purchase the product. In Australia, there is a contract when a customer chooses a product from the shelf of the shop and pay it in the counter (ACCC, 2017). This is legally binding so the terms and conditions must be understood before buying the product. Penalties may apply if breach in contract happens depending on the scenario. Ethical Decision-Making Approaches and Theories The different ethical decision-making approaches and theories used to reach the conclusions are: Fairness or Justice This is one of essential moral requirement of any market transaction which involves providing adequate information as a form of right. The labelling of vegetable and canola oil could have been provided with more information like warning that even though it does not contain cholesterol, it can still cause to increase its level when taken. Well-being Although the contents of the oil are not harmful, if the person who will consume it has health problems and was not informed properly due to inadequate information, the company is still not protecting the person from any harmful products. Freedom Every consumer has the right to choose the product that they really want. If Coles indicated that a warning, for example, indicating the effects of trans fatty acids or just simply removing the cholesterol free to avoid misleading the consumers, the customers can decide carefully on which product they truly need. Manipulation and Deception The way Coles SmartBuy and Youll Love It brands were being advertised as likely manipulating the minds of consumers into thinking that their products are cheaper but healthy alternative option because of its similarity with Heart Foundations logo. Also, it is likely deceiving the consumers due to misleading information about the claims they made on some of their products. Recommendations There are various ways on how this can be done ethically correct to prevent any unnecessary circumstances to arise. Some of these are: Seller should add advisory statement on the label that once the product is used and consumed, cholesterol level may increase. This is to ensure that customers can choose freely the products that they need base on the adequate information given. Customers should look closely at the products written information and do relevant research if necessary Every customers need is different thus every consumer has to select the products they need. Particularly people with issues needs to limit certain ingredients they take. Thus the manufacturer should include all the information about the product in the label. Ensuring satisfactory information lies among the seller and the buyer. There is contract in Australia that states that when a customer picks manufactured goods from the shelf, must pay for it in the counter before use. This bids legally the terms and the conditions which must be understood before purchasing the product. If the contract is breached, it attracts a penalty depending with the scenario. First and foremost there should be justice which is an essential requirement in any transaction in the market. This involves the provision of right and adequate information. Secondly, even though, the contents in the oil maybe not harmful, if the customer consumes and gets health problems due to inadequate information, the company is n ot protective to their customers from harmful products. Conclusion Lastly, there should be no deception or manipulation. The way Coles SmartBuy was advertised is manipulative to the mind of the consumers, making them think that their products are cheap but healthy. Likely, they deceived the customers with the misleading information of their products. There are ethically correct way of preventing unnecessary circumstances that may arise. First, the seller should include advisory statement when labelling the products that once the product is consumed, there will be an increase in cholesterol level. This will ensure customers can freely choose products that have adequate information provided. Customers should closely look at the written information in the product and research about the relevant information if necessary. References Singh, S Gupta, S, 2016, Business Studies, revised edn, viewed 28 September 2017, https://books.google.com.au/books?id=DxS8DQAAQBAJpg=PT401dq=product+label+importancehl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwign6WzyMfWAhXHS7wKHT2tDvYQ6AEIJjAA#v=onepageq=product%20label%20importancef=false. Australian Competition Consumer Commission 2017, False or misleading claims, Advertising and Selling Guide, ACCC, viewed 28 September 2017, https://www.accc.gov.au/publications/advertising-selling/advertising-and-selling-guide/avoid-misleading-or-deceptive-claims-or-conduct/false-or-misleading-claims. Food Standards Australia New Zealand 2017, Truth in labelling, weights and measures and legibility, Food Standards Code, Food Standards Australia New Zealand, viewed 01 October 2017, https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/consumer/labelling/truth/Pages/default.aspx. Grace, D. and Cohen, S. (2013) Business Ethics: 5th ed., Oxford University Press Australia New Zealand. Burke, K 2009, Exposed: home brand deception, The Sydney Morning Herald, Fairfax Media viewed 27 September 2017, https://www.smh.com.au/news/national/exposed-home-brand-deception/2009/01/16/1231608986605.html. National Heart Foundation of Australia 2016, About us, Heart Foundation, viewed 02 October 2017, https://www.heartfoundation.org.au/about-us. Coles Supermarket Australia Pty Ltd 2017, Our History, Coles, viewed 02 October 2017, https://www.coles.com.au/about-coles/centenary. Wesfarmers Limited 2017, Coles, Wesfarmers viewed 04 October 2017, https://www.wesfarmers.com.au/our-businesses/coles. Investopedia LLC 2017, Marketing, Investopedia, viewed 04 October 2017, https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketing.asp. Australian Government 2017, The 5 Ps of marketing, Business, business.gov.au, viewed 04 October 2017, https://www.business.gov.au/info/plan-and-start/develop-your-business-plans/marketing/the-5-ps-of-marketing.

Plato`s Apology Essays - Socratic Dialogues, Dialogues Of Plato

Plato`s Apology After reading Plato's account of Socrates defense, the Apology, I was completely blown away by the power of Socrates words and ideas. The reading left me thinking about how I felt regarding what he had said about virtue, truth and the quest for both. In class, we discussed Socrates search for virtue and we touched on the topic of this paper: the reasons Socrates believed that "the unexamined life is not worth living for man". It is my opinion that he is correct in that view and in this paper I intend to show you why. Like many philosophers alive in his time, it was Socrates belief that virtue could only be attained through examination. Only through exploration can you really understand what virtue is, and begin to act virtuously. Understanding, as well as sharing, this information was very important goal to Socrates. The significance of examining and understanding our lives is far greater than one might think. Understanding and comprehending the behavior of friends, as well as of ourselves, enables us to have empathy and compassion for them. And, allows us not to stand in judgment, which, in turn, allows us to live the moral, noble lives that Socrates spoke of. Another belief of Socrates that supports his view is the idea that evil derives from ignorance and the failure to investigate or explore peoples actions. I believe this to be true, also. This idea also supports his beliefs on death. Socrates was not well liked because he explored his ignorance, and was eventually put to death because of it. Marie Curie once said, "Nothing in life is to be feared, it is only to be understood." That could sum up a great deal of Socrates position in the Apology: why he was not shaken by death, why he spoke of his relationship with the gods, and possibly even why he felt the unexamined life is not worth living.

Intellectual performance of mentally children essays

Intellectual performance of mentally children essays Wouldnt it be great if there was a new vitamin that had the potential to raise the intellectual performance of mentally challenged children? A study conducted at Raritan Valleys department of science discovered a vitamin that will increases the intellectual performance of mentally challenged children. After many years of research, this vitamin can improve the mind of a retarded child. With so many children that are born so unfortunate and there was nothing that could be done about it until now. My staff and I have worked on this experiment for a very long time. Our predictions about the vitamin are that it will change the future for the best. The dosage given daily of the vitamins will improve of intellectual performance of each participant in my study. In the following research I needed to conduct servable test on children to find out their intellectual performance. In order to develop such a research, it was necessary to devise a structural approach for gathering and interpreting the information. Children from the school of special education were randomly chosen. Now remember that all of these children are mentally challenged. The children vary from ages of five to nine years old. The children are both males and females. There are ten males and nine females. Factors were taken into account like age, gender, and health that way there couldnt be any differences in either of the two groups. We randomly divide the participants into two groups in order to observe the different reaction. Both groups were giving puzzles to compare their abilities of proceeding data and comprehending. Once establishing that both groups were at the same intellectual performance level we gave one group the vitamin. As for the other group we gave them the same environment and treatment. Exempt they didnt get the vitamin. Data was recorded daily to keep track of both groups. We took pre-plan procedures for dealing with i...

Environmental Regulation and Business Strategy in UK and Scotland Essay

Environmental Regulation and Business Strategy in UK and Scotland - Essay Example The plan also espouses the maximization of the remaining waste by utilizing its energy through waste-to-energy incineration plants. Electrical/and or heat energy can be produced by burning or incineration of wastes (Scottish Environment Protection Agency, 2011). This is an aspect of concern because the burning of solid and liquid material will produce mixtures of solid and gaseous emission like heavy metals, dioxins, particulates, ash residues, and acidic gases. An incineration plant refers to the technical unit and equipment that are dedicated for the purpose of burning or thermal treatment of waste material and in so doing, produce combustion heat (Council Directive 2008/1/EC of the European Parliament and of the European Council ). The definition for the incineration plant includes the site, incineration lines, waste reception, waste storage, fuel and air supplies, post-treatment areas for exhaust gases, waste and wastewater, and all other facilities and devices for control and mo nitoring the operations in incineration. Incineration of waste is achieved by oxidation, pyrolysis, and gasification. Strictly speaking, the energy produced by the incineration of waste materials cannot be considered renewable energy, but it can replace and supplement the energy that is sourced from fossil fuels like oil and coil, natural gas, and other renewable sources. As stated by the Scottish Planning Policy 6 on renewable energy, the energy derived from waste can help Scotland meet its targets for increasing electricity derived from renewable energy sources (Scottish Development Executive Department, 1997). Energy from waste is therefore considered a part of the response to climate change towards sustainable development. The Renewables Obligation gives incentives to suppliers of electricity to obtain electrical energy from renewable sources (Renewables Obligation, 2007). In Scotland, the Renewables Obligation, and the Renewables Obligation Order were enforced on April 2002. Th e schemes were introduced by the Scottish Executive and the Department of Enterprise and Trade, and are administered by the Gas and Electricity Markets Authority. The Renewable Orders set the amount of electricity from renewable sources to 5.5% and 6.7% in 2005-2006, and 2006-2007 respectively. In 2009, the Scottish government published the Renewables Action Plan, which committed the country to achieving 20% energy coming from renewable sources by 2020, which also meant that there must be a large increase in the energy derived from the heat (11% increase) and transport sectors (10% increase) (The Scottish Government, 2009). In the Renewables Obligation (Scotland) Amendment Order of 2011 which was enforced in April 2011, waste materials were already included as renewable energy sources. According to SEPA, incineration can be considered compatible with high recycling rates, which is also highly dependent on the segregation of wastes. Energy can be recovered from residual waste that ca nnot be recycled due to economic and technical reasons. Despite the economic crisis, the practice of waste incineration has risen worldwide (ecoprog/Fraunhofer UMSICHT, 2010). In the last decade, the annual global capacity of the incineration plants increased from 180 to 350 million tonnes. This can further rise by 20% in the next five years. It is further expected that with landfill sites decreasing, new plants will be

Thomas Nagel's Moral Luck Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Thomas Nagel's Moral Luck - Assignment Example This makes a person’s action and judgement as the key elements of life. According to Nagel, good will represents an inner feeling exhibited by the people in their daily interaction systems (Nagel 1). Without the good will, the wished-for end of anyone is prone to be unsuccessful. Presumably, the good will enhances a wider-range of friendly relationships and the achieving of the end drives in life. The bad will, on the other hand, becomes a bit complicated in the determination of the people’s peaceful co-existence and their destinies (Nagel 1). The bad will is normally inclined towards evil deeds. The evil deeds do not have a place in most societies. This, therefore, makes bad deeds be grouped under sanctions, which are punishable by the societal laws. The bad wills are against the norms of several social groups. People whose mindsets revolve around the bad will judgements and actions, in most cases, are normally viewed as the social misfits (Nagel 2). This, according to Nagel, is because the bad will paves way for a poor moral responsibility, which does not bring morally acceptable resolutions to many in the long-run (Nagel 1). Nagel further argues that moral judgement and actions are the key elements where the most problems normally emanate from (Nagel 3). A problem experienced at an individual level normally affects behaviours positively. At the societal level, the problem experienced by one person will form a stable pattern thus affecting the completely social organization. Nagel believes that judgement differs from the evaluation of something good or bad morally (Nagel 3). The functional and dysfunctional elements of a moral judgement greatly differ. This is because what is morally upright or functional for one person may be morally unstable or dysfunctional for another, in the determination of their luck. Control measures, which include both the positive and the negative sanctions, should be used for the conformity and compliance in the moral judgement of the individuals. This is because the moral judgement revolves around ignorance and the involuntary movements both in the external and the internal behavioural aspects exhibited by the individuals. Not every action or moral judgement should rely on the goodwill or the bad will moral behaviours in order to find the social or behavioural changes solutions in the end luck. Moral judgement, according to Kant, has got the external influences either positively or negatively thus making the environment a key determinant of the individuals bad will or good will moral judgments (Nagel 3). The moral luck is not paradoxical. This is justified by Nagel in his book. This behavioural aspect can be compared to the theory of knowledge in philosophy. In the theory of knowledge, there are various natural occurrences emerging just like the moral luck in people’s behaviour hence making them hard and challenging to understand (Nagel 6). Our beliefs, therefore, become the basis upon w hich these factors emerging from an individual’s behaviour can be understood. This, on the other hand, is because of the lack of the external social control mechanisms and the impracticality of encompassing these emerging issues without being at the mercy of others who are on the leading and influences our already questionable knowledge on the moral luck, judgments, actions and goodwill and bad will. The ways in which the natural objects subjects individuals to moral luck include through the constitutive luck, which emanates from the personality. The other classification of luck includes one’s situations. The different situations and problems the individuals undergo calls for the different measures in their moral luck determination (Nagel 6)). Lastly, there are effects and causes of action and

Gram Staining and Distilled Water Essay Example for Free

Gram Staining and Distilled Water Essay The purpose of this experiment was to learn how to properly perform a gram stain and to also understand how gram staining can help identify either gram-positive or gram-negative organisms in the laboratory. The materials needed for this experiment included: two microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas fluorescens) in a slant agar, an inoculating loop, a microscope slide, distilled water, a Bunsen burner, four dyes (crystal violet, Grams iodine, ethyl alcohol, and safranin), bibulous paper, and a dye tray. The method for this experiment was as follows: 1) Cleaned the microscope slide with both soap and water and then dried 2) Flamed the inoculating loop with the Bunsen burner and then applied two small drops of water to each side (horizontally) of the slide 3) Flamed the inoculating loop again, allowed it to cool, and obtained a small sample of the first organism 4) Mixed the organisms on the inoculating loop with one of the drops of the water on the slide and spread to a nickel-sized drop 5) Repeated steps 3 and 4 for the other organism using the second water drop on the slide 6) Allowed the samples to dry and then heat fixed both samples. Applied the crystal violet dye, let it soak for 20 seconds, and then washed the dye away with distilled water off into the dye tray 8) Applied the Grams iodine and let it soak for a minute 9) Washed it off with alcohol for 20 seconds (or until the dye stopped running), and then immediately washed with the distilled water 10) Applied the counter-stain, safranin, and let it soak for a minute. 11) Washed with distilled water after and gently blotted it dry with bibulous paper 12) Observed both microorganisms on slide under the microscope Two different results were observed under the microscope. The first one was purple colored cocci, and the picture of the slide is on the following page. The second one revealed pink-colored rods, and the image is on the page following the first microorganisms. The results of the experiment came out as expected. There didnt seem to be any flaws in the experiment, since the colors were distinctly different. The purple cocci were identified as the Staphylococcus aureus. Because the violet dye penetrated the membrane and stained it, it was recognized as a gram-positive organism. The pink rods were Pseudomonas florescens. It was discovered to be a gram-negative organism because the organism didnt stain from the crystal violet. Since everything was easily identifiable, the experiment seemed to have gone as planned.