The Poblem of People Having only Online Friends Essay

The Poblem of People Having only Online Friends - Essay Example According to the paper social anxiety disorders usually manifests as a persistent fear of social performance situations where a person is exposed to unfamiliar people. The individual sometimes fears that he might act in an embarrassing way and be humiliated in the process. In these instances, their exposure to social situations usually triggers their anxiety. As a result, such anxiety often manifests in their panic, crying, freezing or shrinking from social situations. The person afflicted with this disease is most often aware that his fears are exaggerated; however, he cannot control or manage such fears. As a result, these people avoid these social situations and veer away from situations which may cause them embarrassment. Their attempt at avoiding these embarrassing social situations often interferes with their lives and their normal academic, social, or professional activities. This essay highlights that the internet is often used by these individuals in order to acquire social interactions. They often find the internet a more comfortable place to meet and interact with other people. They find it a more comfortable setting because their fears in being embarrassed or humiliated do not exist in this setting. However, as a result, their moments of interaction become limited to the internet or online setting.

Bshs305 R2 Ethical Scenario Essay Example for Free

Bshs305 R2 Ethical Scenario Essay Read the following scenario: Shannon is a juvenile probation officer with the Department of Juvenile Justice. Recently, she covered her coworker, Janet’s client load, while Janet was on vacation. Shannon met with several of Janet’s clients. After meeting with clients, she discovered a pattern in which the clients would report that they have not seen Janet in 2 to 3 months. However, the case files reflected face-to-face contact with all of her clients, despite what her clients stated. When Shannon investigated further, she found that the client notes were all at the same day and time, which is unlikely. Further, several of Janet’s clients needed referrals for counseling, but Janet never completed them and has not followed up to ensure her clients are receiving the necessary services. Janet is a close friend of Shannon. Shannon does not want to get Janet in trouble but realizes something must be done. Answer, in a 75- to 100-word response, each of the following questions: 1. What are the ethical issues involved in the scenario? Human service professionals are obligated to provide high-quality service to their clients. Most codes of ethics indicate that the helper’s first responsibility is to enhance and protect the client’s welfare. One of the ethical standard is the human service professional’s responsibility to clients. Standard 2: â€Å"Human service professionals’ respect the integrity and welfare of the client at all times. Each client is treated with respect, acceptance, and dignity†. Unfortunately in this scenario Janet failed to respect her clients’ welfare. She not only had issues of breaking several ethical codes she literally failed her moral responsibility. 2. What client rights are involved in the scenario? The client has a right to actively participate in their treatment plan. They are privy to view their personal chart which would show them the fabricated notes of the helper. The system failed this client and the client is able to request for a new helper. Although the client has a right to a professional disclosure statement as to see the qualifications of his helper, chances are this helper would not disclose their unethical behavior. 3. What, if any, client rights were violated? I feel the clients rights were violated by the misguided treatment of the helper. The client was not treated with dignity, respect or integrity. They were violated in a as â€Å"helpers are ethically obligated to provide quality services†. Also the helping professional is committed to helping clients develop to the best of their abilities. The helper was not even servicing the client and in that aspect the client has been violated on several different levels of ethical codes. Ethical Decision Scenario BSHS/305 Version 2 2 4. How you would use the ethical decision-making model to address or resolve the situation? First of I would identify the problem which are two issues, first one is the clients are not receiving necessary services. Second issue is Janet lied on legal documents. I would review the ethical guidelines and consult with a co-worker as to how I should proceed with the probable course of action. I would then select the course of action and follow through with my obligation to assure clients receive due services and I would make sure Janet does not make this mistake again. I would report Janet’s actions to my supervisor and hope Janet understands that I am just doing my job.

Poem XVIL by Emily Dickinson :: Poetry

Poem XVIL Even though this poem is only two very short paragraphs, it has a very strong meaning behind it that can be explained easily. What this poem is saying is that even through Dickinson has never seen the ocean, ever prayed to God, or ever gone to church, she can still imagine what the waves look like on the ocean, rolling over each other all day and all night. She can also imagine what it’s like to be one of gods people, having a great and loving connection with him. What she’s saying is that she doesn’t need to SEE something with her own eyes to know the general idea of what it does. She can simply look at a painting of the ocean to see what the waves look like. Or talk to one of gods people to figure out how they felt about having god in their lives. Even though she doesn’t experience things first hand, she can use her common sense to fill in the gaps of what she doesn’t know. Common sense is one of the big things that makes this poem American. We, as Americans, are always looking for that back door, that easy way out, a way to skip a few steps to get to the finish. We will try to fix the car or computer ourselves before looking at the instruction manual that tells us exactly how to do it, thinking it may save us some time. We use our common sense. We believe that we can fill in the gaps with what we already know. Are we right in not looking at the instruction manual first? Sometimes†¦ But sometimes we will only make it worse. Many people or ideas in America have become miss-understood because no one wants to look deeper into it, and they simply go along with what the bandwagon says about that person or those ideas.

A University Student Budget Sheet :: Papers

A University Student Budget Sheet In this assignment I will be consulting a university student’s Budget schedule I will be offering the student advice on how to solve problems when in dept by offering an student loan, grants etc. I will be referring to the budget schedule to what areas the student can cut sort on to cover the other costs mostly needed to be covered. UNIVERSITY STUDENT BUDGET SCHEDULE Mouthly Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Total INCOME DESCRIPTION University Student (Grant)  £142  £142  £142  £142  £570 Interest and dividends  £0  £0  £0  £0  £0 Savings  £150  £0  £0  £0  £150 TOTAL INCOME  £292  £142  £142  £142  £720 EXPENSE DESCRIPTION Beauty shop and barber  £5  £0  £5  £0  £10 Cable TV  £15  £0  £15  £0  £30 Clothing  £50  £0  £50  £0  £100 Credit card payments  £25  £0  £25  £0  £50 Electricity  £50  £0  £0  £0  £50 Entertainment and recreation  £25  £25  £25  £25  £100 Gas company  £50  £0  £0  £0  £50 Gifts  £15  £0  £0  £15  £30 Groceries and outside meals  £15  £0  £0  £0  £15 Household  £15  £10  £10  £5  £50 Laundry and dry-cleaning  £3.

Nike Competitive Advantage

* 1. MGMT65000 – Strategic Management – spring 2011 Test 1 By: Divya Mishra School of Management Purdue University Calumet Submitted to: Dr. Arifin Angriawan1|Page * 2. Company profile & backgroundNIKE, Inc. is engaged in the design, development and worldwide marketing of footwear,apparel, equipment and accessory products. . It sells its products to around 18,000 retail accountsin the United States and through a mix of independent distributors, licensees and subsidiaries innearly 200 countries. NIKE is the largest seller of athletic footwear and athletic apparel in the world. The Company creates designs for men, women and children.The top selling product categoryincludes running, basketball, childrens, cross-training and womens shoes. It also designs shoesfor outdoor activities like tennis, golf, soccer, baseball, football, bicycling, volleyball, wrestling,cheerleading, aquatic activities, hiking and other athletic and recreational uses. Index membership Sector Industry EmployeesS&P 500 Consumer Cyclical Footwear 23,300ProductsNIKE sells sports attire and accessories relevant to each sport mentioned above as well as othersports-inspired lifestyle apparel, like bags, socks, sport balls, eyewear, protective equipment,basic sport equipment, etc.In addition to NIKE’s footwear, apparel, and accessories businesses, the Company sells productsunder other brand names in particular markets. NIKE wholly-owns five footwear and apparelcompanies that specialize in different sports: Cole Haan, Converse Inc. , Hurley InternationalLLC, Umbro Ltd. , and NIKE Golf. These subsidiaries combined together account for 13% oftotal revenues, $2. 5 billion, in fiscal 2009. Manufacturing Footwear & ApparelAll of NIKE’s footwear is manufactured outside the United States in the factories of China,Vietnam, Indonesia, and Thailand and account for 98 percent of total NIKE brand footwear in2009.The main raw materials used in NIKE footwear are rubber, plastic compound s, and foamcushioning materials, nylon, leather, canvas, and polyurethane films used for cushioningcomponents. NIKE brand apparel is also manufactured almost entirely outside of the United States, in 34different countries. The main materials used in NIKE apparel are natural and synthetic fabricsand threads, plastic and metal hardware, and water and heat resistant fabrics. Marketing and AdvertisingNIKE places a significant weight on marketing the company and its products.NIKE aggressivelybonds the contracts with highly successful and influential athletes, coaches, teams, and leagueslike Michael Jordan, Serena Williams, and Tiger Woods to popularize its footwear, apparel andsports accessories. In order to sustain its dominance in the industry and stay competitive stay, NIKE activelyresponds to trends and changes in consumer preferences by adjusting the mix of existing productofferings, developing new products, styles and categories, and influencing sports and fitnesspreferences throug h aggressive marketing.Its primary areas of marketing remain Net TV andmagazines. 2|Page * 3. CompetitorsThe rivalry in the sports wear industry is very high. NIKE competes with numerous athletic andleisure shoe companies worldwide. It faces fierce competition in product offerings, technologies,marketing expenditures, pricing, costs of production, and customer services. The maincompetitors are Adidas, Reebok, Timberland, Woodland, and Puma.SWOT Analysis for NIKE Strengths Weaknesses Brand recognition Overseas manufacturing High product quality dependency Effective marketing Decreasing United States strategy market share Capacity of innovation High product price Strong distribution chain compared to Adidas Strong R&D Currency exposure Strong customer Medium retail presence relationship/satisfaction SWOT Analysis Opportunities Threats Expansion into emerging Fierce industry competition markets Revenue relies on Increased demand in product consumers’ discretionary innovation inc ome Growing segment of women Economic rescission athletes Fluctuation in the currency Increase in the number of sports events like Olympic, FIFA3|Page * 4.NIKE Innovations NIKE with Apple: The NIKE+ package consists of a pair of specially designed NIKE+ running shoes, an iPod nano, and a NIKE + iPod sport kit. The kit consists of a sensor that fits into a built-in pocket beneath the insole of the left shoe and a receiver that fits into the iPod nano dock connector. As a person runs, iPod tells the distance, pace, and calories burned via voice feedback that adjusts music volume as it plays. (Google image) Design your own shoes: NIKE allows customers to design their own shoes from a catalogue of predefined designs. Customers can choose their own colors and mascots to create shoes which define their personality.It provides Touch screen technology in store allowing customers to design shoes of choice. (Google image) Nike self lacing automatic shoes: NIKE is also coming up with the new a utomatic self lacing sneakers. The automatic lacing system provides a set of straps that can be automatically opened and closed to switch between a loosened and tightened position. 4|Page * 5. Critical data of Nike Annual Report$ Millions 2010Net Income 1,906. 7Current Liability 3,364. 2Total Assets 14419. 3Tax Rate 24. 2%Interest Rate 6. 35%Long-Term Debt 445. 8Return on Equity 19. 54%Total Equity 9753. 7Weighted Average Cost of Capital 8. 9%Capital Employed 11055. 1Interest Expense 6. EBIT 2516. 9NOPAT 1907. 81Return On Capital Employed 20. 7%Economic Value Added 1267. 25Cash Flow From Operations* 3164. 2Capital expenditure* 335. 1Free Cash Flow 2045. 31Five year Nike stock performance vs. S&P500* (Fiscal year 2006-2010) 2% Nike S&P500 90%5|Page * 6. 2010Nike revenue growth 2006-2010 Nike Revenue 25000 20000 Revenue 15000 10000 5000 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YearNike revenue generation by product 2010 Revenue Generation by Product 6% 34% Footwear 60% Apparel Equipment6|Page * 7. 1. Please use Figure 2. 3 page 53 (Grant’s textbook, 7th edition) as your overall guide to draw a balanced scorecard for the firm.Please draw a balanced scorecard for the firm that you choose. Identify all four perspectives, each perspective’s objectives and their relationships. See example in the appendix. Feel free to modify it. On the other pages please elaborate on the four perspectives and their elements. For the financial performance perspective, at least you need to discuss: ROCE, EVA, and FCF. Conclude what the numbers mean to you as a manager (e. g. Good, bad, or neutral; and why). Why do firms need to prepare a balanced scorecard? (20 points) Balance Scorecard for NIKE 2010FINANCIAL GOOD–NEUTRAL †¢ ROCE : 17. 8% Neutral †¢ EVA: 1267. 25 millions Good †¢ FCF : 2045. 1 millions Good †¢ ROE : 19. 54% Good †¢ Profit Margin :10. 03% Good †¢ NIKE growth: 7% vs. industry growth Good 4. 5% Bad †¢ High advertising cost Good â € ¢ Better COGS% than competitorsCUSTOMER GOOD-NEUTRAL †¢ Customer Satisfaction Good †¢ Customer Loyalty Good †¢ Customer retention ratio Good †¢ Market Share Good †¢ Competitive Price Bad †¢ Number of Customers Good Good †¢ Design own shoes optionINTERNAL GOOD †¢ Marketing Innovative Products Good Celebrity endorsement Good Diversity of online product Good †¢ R&D Integrated researches Good Product technology Good High quality product design Good †¢ Good supplier relation Good †¢ IT for inventory control Good7|Page

Archetypes in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Essay Example

Archetypes in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Essay Example Archetypes in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Paper Archetypes in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Paper Essay Topic: The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn In the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Mark Twain utilizes the originals of the Unwilling Hero. the Shape Shifter. and Haven vs. Wilderness to demo that Huck Finn and Jim can happen freedom wholly along the Bankss of the Mississippi River. Huck portrays the unwilling hero because he puts a batch of idea into something before he does it. even though it will profit everybody. He is besides really hesitating to execute epic Acts of the Apostless. The King and Duke show the original of the form shifter because they are invariably lying about their individualities and lead oning everybody. The Mississippi represents the characters â€Å"haven† . and Huck and Jim’s place represents the â€Å"wilderness† . Huckleberry Finn portrays the original of the unwilling hero. Huck is really loath to make the right thing. and ever experience guilty about everything he does. The challenges Huck had to get the better of about caused Huck and Jim to free their opportunity at happening freedom. but he ever built up his bravery and was pushed to contend for what he thought was right. After Tom and Huck spooked Jim. Tom wanted to take it farther and â€Å"tie Jim to a tree for fun† ( page 5 ) . Huck had felt guilty for frightening Jim and didn’t want to make any longer injury. so Huck said â€Å"no ; he might wake and do a disturbance† ( page 5 ) . This relates to him being an unwilling hero because you can see that Huck felt bad for making the incorrect thing and his scruples pushed him to make the right thing the 2nd clip about. Another clip when Huck did something to acquire Jim and himself farther down the river was when he said â€Å"I won’t Lashkar-e-Taiba no runaway niggas get by me if I can assist it. † ( page 91 ) . Huck so went on seeking to convert himself that what he did was right. â€Å"They went off and I got aboard the raft. experiencing bad and low ; because I knowed really good I had done incorrect. and I see if warn ; t no usage for me to seek to larn to make right†¦then I thought a minute. and says to myself. keep on ; s’pose you’d ‘a’ done right and giver Jim up. would you felt better than what you do now? No says I. I’d experience bad-I’d feel merely the same manner I do now. Well. so. says I. what’s the usage you ain’t no problem to make incorrect. † ( page 91 ) . Huck felt guilty for lying approximately holding Jim aboard with him. he knew that what he was making was illegal and had problem seeing the good in what he did. As the reader. you know that Jim is really a good adult male and doesn’t deserve to be treated as a slave. But for Huck. it was a truly difficult battle for him to convert himself that lying about Jim and making the immoral thing was really moving as the hero. Even Huck didn’t think of himself as a hero after he did this. he felt bad about what he did. but the fact that it took a batch to carry him to experience comfy about his determination shows that he is suited for the unwilling hero. In the quotation mark â€Å"I says to myself. this is another 1 that I’m allowing his rob her of her money. And when she got through they all jest laid theirselves out to do me experience at place and know I was amongst friends. I felt so cantankerous and low down and intend that I says to myself. my mind’s made up ; I’ll hive that money for them or break. † ( page 175 ) . Huck had merely allowed con creative person to steal money from many different people and had felt guilty about it because he knew of them being form shifters all along. When the con creative persons made their effort to steal these three guiltless misss heritage. Huck felt so bad that he decided to intrigue against them and steal their money back. It took a batch of bravery for Huck to make this. The reader and Huck portion the cognition of cognizing the King and Dukes existent individuality as con creative persons. But with Huck being inside the state of affairs. opposed to the reader being able to see the clear determination. Huck did non desire people to cognize that he had done this title. This shows that he was still hesitating on desiring to make this heroic act. This is showed when Huck says â€Å"I got to make it in a manner that they won’t intuition that I done it† ( page 175 ) . Once once more it takes a batch of Huck converting himself to make this heroic act and is still diffident about it after he does this. This clearly shows Huck in the original of the unwilling hero. Having Huck measure out of his comfort zone lead himself and Jim to freedom. but Huck would non hold been able to demo every bit much bravery if it weren’t for the original of the shapeshifter portrayed by the King and Duke. The Duke and King are ever lying about their individuality and altering their narrative. they deceive many people including Jim. endangering Huck and Jim’s opportunity at freedom. The Duke and King began their function as form shifters when they were foremost introduced in the novel. Huck and Jim were fooled by them for a spot. but it didn’t take long for Huck to calculate out that these were con creative persons. Having two form shifters aboard with them besides got Huck to research his function as the unwilling hero more. You can see this by the manner he doesn’t want to state he knows who they truly are. â€Å"It didn’t take me long to do up my head that these prevaricators warn’t no Kings nor Dukes at all. but merely low down baloneies and frauds. But I neer said nil. neer allow on ; kept it to myself ; it’s the best manner ; so you don’t have no wrangles. and don’t get into no problem. † ( page 125 ) . The King and Duke scammed a whole town out of $ 87. 75 by doing up a make narrative merely to do some speedy money. â€Å"He told them he was a pirate-been a plagiarist for 30 years†¦he’d been robbed last dark and put ashore off of a steamboat without a cent†¦and put in the remainder of his life seeking to turn the plagiarists into the true path† ( page 131 ) Because the town people thought that their narrative was so bosom touching they decided to give them a batch of money even though they didn’t need it at all. This shows how pitiless these characters really are even thought they come across as sort people. The King and Dukes concluding illustration of being form shifters was when they sold Jim back as a slave. By making this Huck and Jim eventually recognize how barbarous and rotten these people are. They wholly betrayed the people who had helped these con artists escape down the river buy selling Jim back into bondage for a really little monetary value. This shows their true character and makes Huck so angry. that he eventually decides to step up and go Jim’s hero. It was really common for the Duke and King to make this. but it took a batch of bravery for Huck to eventually make up ones mind to deliver Jim. This was Huck’s major act that can be seen as the unwilling hero and the concluding measure into procuring Jim’s freedom. All of that can be seen when Huck says â€Å"After all we had done for those villains. here it was all come to nil. everything was all busted up and ruined. because they could hold the bosom to break up Jim suck a fast one as that. and do him a slave once more all his life. and amongst aliens. excessively. for 40 dirty dollars† ( page 211 ) . Even though the King and Duke where really deceiving form shifters. they help Huck recognize that the Mississippi River was where he could happen his freedom and that the river was his â€Å"haven† . Haven vs. Wilderness is another original that is outstanding in the novel. Huck and Jim spend about all of the narrative out on the Mississippi River. but merely because it is in the Wilderness doesn’t mean that that is their â€Å"Wilderness† . The narrative starts off with Huck explicating that he has a bad place life. His male parent is ever intoxicated and doesn’t return attention of him. so he lives with the widow. The widow is in full control of Huck and he hates it. He is the sort of individual who loves to hold freedom and is ever endeavoring for it. That is the same for Jim. he is a slave that about gets sold for money. but all he wants is freedom. Both Huck and Jim’s place lives are non what either of them are looking for. This shows that this portion of their lives is really the Wilderness because to them they are unhappy and non comfy. This is showed when Huck says â€Å"Pretty shortly I wanted to smoke. and asked the widow to allow me. but she wouldn’t. † ( page 2 ) . Huck and Jim end up running off and passing their lives out on the Mississippi River. trusting that finally they will traverse the boundary line and Huck will hold the freedom he wanted and Jim will no longer be a slave. Throughout the narrative the reader starts to recognize that the Mississippi River represents freedom and Huck and Jim have really found their haven out on the river with each other. Both of them achieve the freedom they want and have a good clip researching and run intoing new people ( and smoking baccy ) . This life is exciting and thrilling for them and is really what they aspired from the beginning. This is why the Mississippi River is their Haven. You know when Huck gets off when you read â€Å"I fooled pablum and got away† ( page 30 ) . You can besides see how Jim was treated when he says â€Å"I hear old missis Tell de wider she gwyne to sell me down to Orleans. but she didn’t want to. but she could git eight hund’d dollars for me. en it ‘uz sich a large stack o’ money she couldn’ resis’ . † ( page 43 ) . By the terminal of the book Huck is stating that he is traveling to hold to remain with his Aunt because his male parent died and his Aunt couldn’t merely allow him travel. When Huck says â€Å"Aunt Sally she’s traveling to follow me and educate me. and I can’t stand it. I been there earlier. † ( page 293 ) . Huck is upset about being adopted because you can see that he loved being on the raft with all of the exhilaration and freedom. Huck is put back into the â€Å"Wilderness† and eventually realizes that what he wants ( what his oasis is ) . is to be out researching the universe with his brothers Tom and Jim. Even though this is opposite from what you would anticipate a oasis and a wilderness to be it is what made Huck happy and kept the fresh interesting. These topographic points are where Huck eventually realized that for the first clip in his life he had the freedom that he had ever wanted. Through all the illustration you can see how Mark Twain used the originals of the Unwilling Hero. the Shape Shifter. and Haven vs. Wilderness to show a battle to freedom in the book The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Huck Finn is the Unwilling hero because it takes a batch of carrying for him to make the right thing. but in the terminal he ever does. The King and Duke display the Shape Shifter original because of how deceiving and two faced they are around everybody. Finally the Mississippi River represents the characters â€Å"Haven† and Huck and Jim’s place represent â€Å"Wilderness† because of how unhappy they are at place opposed to the river where they are both happy. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a really inspirational narrative of Huck executing altruistic heroic Acts of the Apostless and will go forth you experiencing good and hopeful for the characters in their hereafter.

Free Essays on The Feminist In Antigone

reveal a kind of longing for it. She is captivated with attending to the next world, and the law of the gods overshadows any human law in her... Free Essays on The Feminist In Antigone Free Essays on The Feminist In Antigone Sophocles’ Antigone takes place in ancient Thebes at a time when men were warriors and women were delicate. The feminist movement has not yet come to pass, and yet one young woman, Antigone, stands out, defying the decree made by her uncle, her king. She is passionately motivated by love and loyalty to her family and refuses to compromise in any way when King Creon puts his royal word against divine law and human sentiment and declares that the body of Antigone’s brother, Polynices, be left unburied and forbids anyone to even mourn him. Disregarding Creon’s decree, Antigone buries the body of Polynices and gives him the last rights. She knows that if she is caught death is the punishment, but her self-sacrificing attitude shows incredible strength. Sophocles develops the character of Antigone throughout the tragedy, using her to represent family values and female strength. Antigone embodies strong feminine characteristics to stand up for a divine and univer sal principle demanded by the deities. Sophocles is aware of the impact of gender on Antigone and makes the position of women an important theme in the play. Ismene uses her gender as an excuse for not standing up against the law, saying her gender makes her and Antigone vulnerable. Ismene provides an interesting contrast to her stronger sister throughout the play. Although Antigone does not explicitly stress her gender, Creon does. His stubbornness to back down later in the play is because he feels the triumph of a woman is unacceptable. Antigone refuses to let herself be dominated by any man or human law and instead chooses to follow the divine law. Sophocles also portrays Antigone as having a morbid fascination with death. In the opening of the play, she speaks of laying down in the earth beside Polynices and her words reveal a kind of longing for it. She is captivated with attending to the next world, and the law of the gods overshadows any human law in her...

The History of the Answering Machine

The History of the Answering Machine According to Adventures in Cybersound, the Danish telephone engineer and inventor Valdemar Poulsen patented what he called a telegraphone in 1898. The telegraphone was the first practical apparatus for magnetic sound recording and reproduction. It was an ingenious apparatus for recording telephone conversations. It recorded, on a wire, the varying magnetic fields produced by a sound. The magnetized wire could then be used to play back the sound. Early Developments Mr. Willy MÃ ¼ller invented the first automatic answering machine in 1935. This answering machine was a three-foot-tall machine popular with Orthodox Jews who were forbidden to answer the phone on the Sabbath. The Ansafone, created by inventor Dr. Kazuo Hashimoto for Phonetel, was the first answering machine sold in the USA, beginning in 1960. Classic Models According to Casio TAD History (Telephone Answering Devices), Casio Communications created the modern telephone answering device (TAD) industry as we know it today by introducing the first commercially viable answering machine a quarter of a century ago. The product- the Model 400- is now featured in the Smithsonian. In 1971, PhoneMate introduced one of the first commercially viable answering machines, the Model 400. The unit weighs 10 pounds, screens calls, and holds 20 messages on a reel-to-reel tape. An earphone enables private message retrieval. Digital Innovation The first digital TAD ​was invented by Dr. Kazuo Hashimoto of Japan in mid-1983. US patent 4,616,110 entitled Automatic Digital Telephone Answering. Voicemail U.S. Patent No. 4,371,752 is the pioneer patent for what evolved into voice mail, and that patent belongs to Gordon Matthews. Gordon Matthews held over thirty-three patents. Gordon Matthews was the founder of the VMX company in Dallas, Texas that produced the first commercial voice mail system, he has become known as the Father of Voice Mail. In 1979, Gordon Matthews formed his company, VMX, of Dallas (Voice Message Express). He applied for a patent in 1979 for his voicemail invention and sold the first system to 3M. When I call a business, I like to talk to a human - Gordon Matthews.

Data Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Data Analysis - Essay Example The author presents the debate on NAFTA such that an observer or reader is capable of understanding the origin of the agreement. The author offers appropriate evidence of his discussions by providing the committee meetings dates and the results of the meetings concerning the matter of trade agreement. The author mentions the persons involved in the meetings, and quoting their words where necessary to enhance conveyance of data to the reader in an appropriate manner. Utilization of this technique by the author forms a basis of a good argument and data appropriateness3. The author supports his argument on the issue of Mexican economic expansion by drawing literature from the comments of a senator. He does this by quoting the words of the senator in order to draw attention to the reader and makes his points relevant and factual. The author uses tables as references for information that he conveys. Use of tables in analyses forms a fundamental part of an analysis because the tables draw the relevance of information presented. The reader of the article can seek to understand the information presented by viewing the tables and the data contained in them. The part on the economic model deals with the author’s explanation of congressional voting and it result on the US policy4. The author presents information and acknowledges other authors in which he finds information to make his argument succinct. The use variables in the analyses intend to identify various parameters used in indicating patterns for voting. The empirical model presented in the article intends to analyze the votes cast various individuals on NAFTA. The author utilizes best methods to provide required measures and analysis of the process. The measures in use include those of GAINERS plus LOOSERS represented by equations which are not evident in

What strategic influence does Special Operations have Research Paper

What strategic influence does Special Operations have - Research Paper Example This research aims at analyzing the nature and the characteristics of special operations and the strategic influence that they have on the target population. Special operations demand the use of special methods of employment, special techniques, tactics, procedures as well as equipment. Special operations acquire significance in harsh environments characterized by high level of hostility, denial and environments that are most sensitive politically or diplomatically. These operations are thus more time sensitive and concealed in nature. Special operations according to Derek (2006, 149) have lower visibility, work in collaboration with local forces and require greater regional point of reference as well as cultural proficiency. Special operations require very high level of intelligence and the intelligence organ must have a good understanding of the major activities. It must be capable of approving all the logistical requirements within the shortest time possible, which is usually within a span of fifteen days. The communication system has to be significantly efficient to ease collection of information from the ground as well as coordination within the staff members involved to arrive at the best solution for the prevailing situation. In operating in remote areas, according to Derek (2006, 252) special operations mostly require the use of long range and surface oriented combined firing support. With special operations, offensive actions can be either by seizing the core facilities of the people as a piece of the wide operation or utilizing a guerilla war tactic of hitting and running away to cool the chosen targets. Even though the other ordinary units are capable of carrying out such operations, special units perform with greater precision thus yielding better results. Special Forces are also capable of conducting such operations in areas where the other ordinary units cannot reach. A common characteristic of special operations is effectiveness in terms

The concepts of supply chains and distribution channels Essay

The concepts of supply chains and distribution channels - Essay Example However, initially, the concepts and practices were not clearly spelt out as it is now. Most of the activities were carried out in an ad hoc manner (Lavassani, Movahedi, & Kumar, 2009, pp. 85–98). Integration of distribution and warehousing (logistics) The concept of supply chain in the company has evolved over time. Most of the segments of supply chain were loosely interconnected. However, as the company developed it had to integrate the logistics, distribution and warehousing together to take advantage of efficiency that supply chains provided. When the company realized that, it had to upgrade its operations due to efficiency brought about by the integration. The company decided to merge the two concepts to form logistics. This made the border between warehousing and distribution became transparent. However, the two ends were still loose, and the management tries to consider making the links stronger and increased the level of resource sharing. This was also coupled with red uced costs and time to market. This was the beginning of evolution in the company (Mentzer, et al, 2001, pp. 1–25) Integration if logistics with production and purchasing The company later decided to optimize the advantages of integration. The company integrated purchasing, distribution, warehousing, and production. The concept worked out right, and the saving was exceedingly. The four functions were integrated, and the core activities under each concept were conducted under the same roof. This was the birth of supply chain in this company. The company managed to align the separate function in the sequence bellow:    Leveraging lean and agile The concept made the company too agile. This is one thing the company has been searching for, the supply chain concept provided the agility required by the company and the company optimized its supply chain concept and leveraged its production to achieve the required competitive age. However, this conceit is long overdue in the company . This has also contributed to the company profitability as the company became more agile. The demanding market and growing competition made the company more profitable due to its agility. The comment managed to increase its product lines and categories (Larson, &, Halldorsson, 2004, pp. 17-31). According the to Kouvelis, Chambers, &, Wang, (2006, pp. 449–469), the volatile and less predictable market just made competition better, and visibility of the company amidst the masses was achieved through agility and leanness Lean concept The modern SCM in companies must be lean; the concepts of leanness help the company to hold the required stock only and assets that can slow down the response time and increase cost are shed. These concepts offer sufficient service levels that can meet growing demand in companies. As a product portfolio, companies must know how to valance between lean and agile. By fine tuning, this company achieves an optimal product portfolio. The different produ ction, which is in the company portfolio, must be treated accordingly (Movahedi, Lavassani, &, Kumar, 2009, pp. 75–88). characteristics of a contemporary Supply Chain concept Lean: The company aims at forecasting at the generic level Economic order Quantities Maximized efficiencies Agile: Demand driven operations effectively Localized Configuration Maximized effectiveness   Then backbone of stable agile and lean supply chain is operations efficiency that brings about6 sustainable competitive advantage. This is based on the supply chain concept that offers a sufficient service level in the face of growing demand   (2) Identify and describe the supply chain and distribution channels

Women In The World War 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Women In The World War 2 - Essay Example This essay aims to provide more insight on the significant role of women during WW2. Moreover, it sheds light on Rosie the Riveter, who as it has been documented in the history of the United States, played a significant role in making sure that women took up the designated jobs and discharged their duties with utmost efficiency. Rosie the Riveter as she is commonly known is an American cultural icon who has overtime been used by historians to symbolize the American women, who formed majority of the work force in American factories when the male employees were in the battlefield. The image of Rosie the Riveter provided encouragement to the women, most of whom took up jobs that they were not trained on, and delivered effectively from the beginning to the end of the war (Williamson 88). The influence of Rosie the Riveter was huge to an extent that at the end of the war in 1945, there were well over 12 million females involved either directly or indirectly in the war. Women played an integral role in the course of WW2, just as it was in the wake of the First World War. In as much as most of them opted for familiar territories by deciding to join the civil service, joining the teaching force and serving as healthcare providers, a considerable number of them plied their trade in several factories throughout the United States. The first and ideally the most important task that women took part in was the evacuation process. This event majorly involved majority of the mature women taking part in evacuating younger women as well as young children from areas that were perceived to be open to war, and taking them to much safer places (Brayley 54). After the evacuation process, it was noted that about 3.5 million children and young women had been evacuated to areas that were regarded as safe. In addition to the evacuation, the women who took part in the evacuation process were tasked with the responsibility of teaching the evacuated children. A

The Effectiveness of Relaxtion Therapy in the Reduction of Anxiety Article

The Effectiveness of Relaxtion Therapy in the Reduction of Anxiety Related Symptoms (A Case Study) - Article Example Results were gathered using the application of different relaxation techniques for twelve months and administration of both the scales again after the end of the therapy. There was a significant decrease in the level of anxiety and depression. Heading: The Effectiveness of Relaxation Therapy in the Reduction of Anxiety Related Symptoms (A Case Study) Authors: Uzma Ali and Shazia Hassan Journal: International Journal of Psychological Studies Year: 2010 Location: http://ezproxy.hacc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.hacc.edu/docview/840751128?accountid=11302 Hypotheses: There is a significant positive impact of relaxation therapy in reduction of anxiety related symptoms. Method: This study used the case study approach. A 20-year-old girl suffering from fatigue and pain was selected as a subject. Identifying Information, family history, medical history, personal and occupation history along with information regarding sleep, orientation, behavior, and affect was gathered u sing Intake Card and Case History Sheet. IPAT Anxiety Scale (King, Scheier & Cattell, 1976) and IPAT Depression Scale (Krug & Laughlin, 1976) were administered to gauge the level of anxiety and depression, respectively, prior to the therapy. Afterwards, 15 sessions were conducted, out of which 12 sessions were dedicated to the application of relaxation therapy.

Women In The World War 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Women In The World War 2 - Essay Example This essay aims to provide more insight on the significant role of women during WW2. Moreover, it sheds light on Rosie the Riveter, who as it has been documented in the history of the United States, played a significant role in making sure that women took up the designated jobs and discharged their duties with utmost efficiency. Rosie the Riveter as she is commonly known is an American cultural icon who has overtime been used by historians to symbolize the American women, who formed majority of the work force in American factories when the male employees were in the battlefield. The image of Rosie the Riveter provided encouragement to the women, most of whom took up jobs that they were not trained on, and delivered effectively from the beginning to the end of the war (Williamson 88). The influence of Rosie the Riveter was huge to an extent that at the end of the war in 1945, there were well over 12 million females involved either directly or indirectly in the war. Women played an integral role in the course of WW2, just as it was in the wake of the First World War. In as much as most of them opted for familiar territories by deciding to join the civil service, joining the teaching force and serving as healthcare providers, a considerable number of them plied their trade in several factories throughout the United States. The first and ideally the most important task that women took part in was the evacuation process. This event majorly involved majority of the mature women taking part in evacuating younger women as well as young children from areas that were perceived to be open to war, and taking them to much safer places (Brayley 54). After the evacuation process, it was noted that about 3.5 million children and young women had been evacuated to areas that were regarded as safe. In addition to the evacuation, the women who took part in the evacuation process were tasked with the responsibility of teaching the evacuated children. A

International Hospitality Management Research Paper

International Hospitality Management - Research Paper Example One major challenge is the difficulty in choosing the right technology and adopting it to achieve better results. Players in the hospitality industry must therefore be able to understand their competitive edge and be able to adopt technology that suits their system and at the same time strengthening their level of competence. The business operators and work force must therefore strive to adopt strategies of utilizing appropriate technology correctly through sufficient knowledge and ways of operation of the tools or equipment employed. Information technology has affected the hospitality industry thus creating flexibility in practices, segmentation of the market and the diagonal integration within the tourism sector (Moutinho et al, 1996). Information technology is thus applied in areas that require management and distribution of information on travel and tourism. The customization of services to suit the needs of the person in need of the tourism service has been made possible through the production of tailor-made services that allows producers to provide services that are flexible in order to satisfy the wants of different consumers of the tourism service. This can be achieved through for example the provision of packaged holidays that are flexible and can be easily purchased through prices deemed as competitive as compared to holidays produced in mass and the production of travel and tourism related services are not dominated by the usual industry players. The holiday must also be flexible and be purchased at prices that are competitive as compared to holidays produced by mass-produced holiday players . The mass production is influenced by the urge to reap benefits that accrue... However, the hospitality industry sector especially tourism faces challenges in the uptake and expansion of technology. One major challenge is the difficulty in choosing the right technology and adapting it to achieve better results. Players in the hospitality industry must, therefore, be able to understand their competitive edge and be able to adopt technology that suits their system and at the same time strengthening their level of competence. The business operators and workforce must, therefore, strive to adopt strategies of utilizing appropriate technology correctly through sufficient knowledge and ways of operation of the tools or equipment employed.Information technology has affected the hospitality industry thus creating flexibility in practices, segmentation of the market and the diagonal integration within the tourism sector. Information technology is thus applied in areas that require management and distribution of information on travel and tourism. The customization of ser vices to suit the needs of the person in need of the tourism service has been made possible through the production of tailor-made services that allows producers to provide services that are flexible in order to satisfy the wants of different consumers of the tourism service. The holiday must also be flexible and be purchased at prices that are competitive as compared to holidays produced by mass-produced holiday players. The mass production is influenced by the urge to reap benefits that accrue due to economies of scale.

Difference Between Manufacturing and Services Sector Essay Example for Free

Difference Between Manufacturing and Services Sector Essay Difference between manufacturing and service organization’s operations To compare the operations between the manufacturing organization and service organization, I have taken the example of Mahindra automobile sector as a manufacturing organization and State bank of India banking sector as service organization. The Mahindra Company imports its raw materials from Japan, where after getting its parts it first initially makes a body structure of the car with the obtained parts. The second stage is axle assembly, where it fixes the wheels to the vehicle. The third stage is the transmission assembly where they fix the gear box for speed and torque of the vehicle. Coming to fourth stage they fix the suitable engine for the vehicle, and the fifth stage is followed by fixing the chassis which is chassis assembly Stage. The manufacturing of body is completed upto this stage and finally the vehicle goes into body shop where it gets paint in desired colours. Finally the output is ready to go into to the market. From there it goes it to the distributor where it is distributed to different wholesalers and from there it goes to retailers in different parts of the city or state. Where the end customer will go and buy the vehicle at the nearest retail shop to him. Later the company consults the customers who brought their vehicles and get the feedback from them, where the implement the customer changing tastes and views into the RD department for further improvisation of their vehicles. In the service sector like State Bank of India the main motto of this sector is to provide customer service’s like ATM services, Safety deposit locker, foreign inward remittances, E-pay. Where their focus is to give customer the utmost satisfaction with their service, for example for a customer to open an account in the bank the stages are, first the customer need to get a form from the counter available in the bank, fill it and attest the necessary required documents along with an introducer who already has an account there. So, with these inputs from the customer the bank process the application form creates an account in the name of customer for which he was initially provided with a passbook and ATM card. Further with the choice of customer the bank provides an internet banking account, mobile banking and other services. In Banking Sector value of operations depend upon the product-quality (Some examples: Electronic vendor finance, Electronic dealer finance, Direct debit) as well as the service quality model (Some examples: Utility bill payment, Direct indirect tax payment). Also collaboration with foreign firm made SBI the most High Tech Bank in India following a very secured as well as a better performance matrix model than other banks. The basic difference between manufacturing and service sector is that, in the manufacturing sector the vehicles that are produced can be felt, touch by the customers physically, but in service sector like banking their operations cannot be felt physically i. e. , intangible. Service firms do not produce a service unless a customer requires it, although they design and develop the scope and content of services in advance of any orders. Service firm like banking generally produce a service tailored to customers needs, such as internet banking and mobile banking are given to customers who needed that service, in manufacturing firm they can produce vehicles without a customer order or forecast of customer demand. They manufacture the vehicles keep them in warehousing and send to the outlets where the demand is to be met. Service firms do not require a physical production site. The people creating and delivering the service can be located anywhere. For example different SBI branches located in different parts of city, but for manufacturers like Mahindra Company must have a physical location for their production and stock holding operations. Production does not necessarily take place on the manufacturers own site, it can take place at any point in the supply chain. Issue of environmental concern and the affects to the organization The carbon footprint (Green House Gas emission caused by an organization) of making a car is immensely complex. Ores have to be dug out of the ground and the metals extracted. These have to be turned into parts. Other components have to be brought together: rubber tyres, plastic dashboards, paint, and so on. All of this involves transporting things around the world. The whole lot then has to be assembled, and every stage in the process requires energy. The companies that make cars have offices and other infrastructure with their own carbon footprints, which were needed to somehow allocate proportionately to the cars that are made. Corporations do not operate in spreadsheets and documents. They operate in, interact with and affect the economy, society and the environment. This awareness is growing and is becoming the norm in the disclosure policies of corporations. No longer can an organization just report its financials and expect to satisfy the stakeholders – investors, customers and regulators. An organization must articulate to its stakeholders its approach to sustainability and communicate its social and environmental initiatives towards sustainability. In according to the environment concern Mahindra has established a green manufacturing facility in bangalore for the production of an eco-friendly electric car called REVA. The facility follows rigid green guidelines right from reuse of construction waste to utilization of solar energy for ongoing car manufacturing process, this manufacturing plant majorly uses the electricity from solar of about 35% of plant load is supplied from it, this plant saves about 53000 kg Co2 emission/year and also saves 22000 litres of diesel/year. This saves a lot of Green house gas emission into the air. There are 3 major factors came into light for the reason of development of the eco-friendly cars. First is evolving customers, where the customers in present generation are becoming eco-conscious and cost conscious. Second is Macro factors like rapid urbanization, rising fuel costs and pollution-congestion. Third is raising technology where lot of research is done and implemented in ideology to manufacture a new advanced technology car. This environmental concern by Mahindra led it into a major investment into the technology development and also for the construction of eco-friendly plant which is advanced and sophisticated when compare to regular plants, where this cost burden has led to the high price of the car, where it has been launched for 3. 10 lakhs. In view of an middle class customer why he has choose to buy a reva car, even though there are factors like environment concern, and increasing cost of fuels, there are other high performance cars in the market at same price which run on diesel or petrol. So he majorly opts for going for the high performance cars. Even though by implementation of high end technology has led to the increase in cost, Mahindra has to take up cost reduction measures as the electric car is majorly a middle-class targeted product, they should be able to sell the product at much cheaper price where already Tata has launched Nano with a cost of around 1. Lakhs, Where it attracts the major of the customers. Even though in the customers the environmental concern has increased, but majority of users desire of using regular diesel/petrol based cars which they have been using for several years. So the automobile companies like Mahindra were also unable to completely focus on these eco-friendly cars, where their major concern is of losing their place of selling the regular automobile vehicles in the global markets. Even though they initiated this project with their motive of reduction of carbon footprint, it may take several years to come to get their product in reach to majority of consumers. Irrespective of their sales of the ‘green manufacturing’ product Reva, Mahindra was the first automobile manufacturing facility in India to be recently awarded the ‘Platinum’ rating by IGBC (Indian Green Building Council). The plant has been developed in accordance with the standards set by the IGBC-India, a universally accepted benchmark for the design and operation of high performance green buildings. Impact of growing customer expectations on an organization their operations In the current economic environment, survival and continued business triumph assent is â€Å"exclusive concentration to the customer†. It is believed that, smart customer interactions are the pouring force for sustainable value creation. Failure to understand and manage customer expectations successfully over the years will accelerate a company’s disgrace. Today there is a grave need for effectual and flourishing customer expectation management in any type of business. A process-centric organization that focuses on customer expectations creates processes that go beyond the efficiency gains of process improvement. They proactively avoid failures like missed customer expectations before they occur. It is said that, the proper processes generate a high degree of customer loyalty, thereby securing the top line with a stable and expanding customer base which in turn gives profits. The example I want to quote here is the mobile phones manufacturing industry. From the year 2000 with the innovation of mobile phones into the world has occurred, this led to the usage of new equipment to man, so initially when mobile is introduced it has just only one option i. e. , making a call’s. The user can make a call to other number or receive a call from other numbers. This didn’t satisfy the need of the customer, so the key players in the mobile manufacturing has made a research and equipped the mobile with other two major options they are sms service and radio in the phone. That didn’t stop and there was a continuous evolution of different options in the mobile phones where later a mp3 player was introduced along with other accessories like calculator, alarm, calendar which is insertion of important things into a single device which also had some entertainment games. This is one era of mobile phones, but man had consecutively got used to computer and had become heavily depended on internet, to access his different websites either for official or personal use, then there raised a expectation from customer where he wanted to access internet even when he is not in front of computer, so this led to revolution in mobile phones where browsing internet has been added as a feature to the existing mobile through the services offered by respective networks the customer use. It didn’t stop there but the customer expect a quick browsing without any delay that led to emergence of 3G and now currently 4G is into action, where this is both change in operations of mobile manufacturing sector and network services offering sector. In today’s globalized world each and everyone in every corner is coming know about the variety of products that are being launched, this opportunity must be utilized by the firms by improving their logistics and supply chain operations where they were able to reach maximum number of customers in the market. The improvisation is of utmost important in every operation they perform because this gives the utmost efficiency to the customer. The majority of companies today have made it a practice to get the information from the customers about their experience of them with their product and still what they expect that could have been in it to give them maximum satisfaction. By this process of feedback they can plan their operations in the areas they need to improve like research and development or the quality of product or giving the customer the product in stipulated time, so by looking into these factors they will gain a satisfied customers in market, which makes them to retain with their product and use their products or services in coming years also.

Implementing Digital Marketing Strategies For Nissan Micra Marketing Essay

Implementing Digital Marketing Strategies For Nissan Micra Marketing Essay EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Phonethics Mobile Media develops digital and mobile content for promotion of products and services online. There are various tools and platforms aailablc to promote offerings over the internet. To name a few. Blogging Micro-site Online Games Flash Games Banners SEO (Search Engine Optimization) Videos Picture Galleries Social Media Marketing The project required using the concept of Social Media Optimization to execute the ongoing campaigns successfully ABOUT THE INDUSTRY Digital Marketing is the promoting of brands using all forms of digital advertising. This now includes Television, Radio, Internet, mobile and any other form of digital media. Digital Marketing is the practice of promoting products and services using digital distribution channels to reach consumers in a timely, relevant, personal and cost-effective manner. Whilst digital marketing does include many of the techniques and practices contained within the category of Internet Marketing, it extends beyond this by including other channels with which to reach people that do not require the use of The Internet. As a result of this non-reliance on the Internet, the field of digital marketing includes a whole host of elements such as mobile phones, sms/mms, display / banner ads and digital outdoor. Strategies for Digital Marketing There are two basic digital marketing strategies used by current and potential customers. These two types of digital marketing are called the Push and the Pull. Their methodology for providing information to customers works as follows: Pull digital marketing the customer seeks information about products and/or services by visiting the companys sources of information searching for the specific product or service information. They are basically requesting to view this specific content. These are typically located in websites, blogs, streaming audio and video sources. Customers have found related information on other websites or been directed to the companys sources by a referring website to find the information. Advantages: No restrictions on file size No opt-in requirements Low technology requirements for the company Disadvantages:- Marketing required Little tracking of visitors No personalization to keep the visitors coming back. Push digital marketing customers are provided information by receiving or viewing advertisements digitally, such as: SMS, RSS, cellphone calls, etc., as subscribers of the latest product and service information provided by the company. Advantages Faster delivery push technologies can deliver content immediately as it becomes available. Consistent delivery some push platforms have single content types, making it difficult for the user to block content by type. Better targeting since push technology usually justifies subscription, more specific marketing data may be collected during registration, which allows for better targeting and more personalization. Better data marketing data can be correlated to each request for content, allowing marketers to see information such as user name as well as demographic and psychographic data. Disadvantages Smaller audience push technology not implemented on common platforms generally need client and/or server software before content can be created, distributed, and/or viewed. Higher cost less popular platforms may have higher implementation costs. Lesser discoverability smaller audiences mean fewer views mean less visibility in search engines. SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS On average each adult with a social networking page or profile has profiles on 1.6 sites, and 39% of adults have profiles on two or more sites.Half of all current adult social networkers say that they access their profiles at least every other day. Internet marketing, also referred to as i-marketing, web-marketing, online-marketing or e-Marketing, is the marketing of products or services over the Internet. The Internet has brought media to a global audience. The interactive nature of Internet marketing in terms of providing instant responses and eliciting responses are the unique qualities of the medium. Internet marketing is sometimes considered to be broad in scope because it not only refers to marketing on the Internet, but also includes marketing done via e-mail and wireless media. Management of digital customer data and electronic customer relationship management (ECRM) systems are also often grouped together under internet marketing. Internet marketing ties together creative and technical aspects of the Internet, including: design, development, advertising, and sales. Internet marketing also refers to the placement of media along many different stages of the customer engagement cycle through search engine marketing (SEM), search engine optimization (SEO), banner ads on specific websites, e-mail marketing, and Web 2.0 strategies. In 2008, The New York Times working with comScore published an initial estimate to quantify the user data collected by large Internet-based companies. Counting four types of interactions with company websites in addition to the hits from advertisements served from advertising networks, the authors found the potential for collecting data upward of 2,500 times on average per user per month. Facebook Facebook is a social networking website launched on February 4, 2004. The free-access website is privately owned and operated by Facebook, Inc. Users can join networks organized by city, workplace, school, and region to connect and interact with other people. People can also add friends and send them messages, and update their personal profile to notify friends about themselves. The websites name refers to the paper facebooks depicting members of a campus community that some US colleges and preparatory schools give to incoming students, faculty, and staff as a way to get to know other people on campus. Mark Zuckerberg founded Facebook while he was a student at Harvard University. Website membership was initially limited to Harvard students, but was expanded to other colleges in the Ivy League. It later expanded further to include any university student, then high school students, and, finally, to anyone aged 13 and over. The website currently has more than 120 million active users worldwide. Facebook has met with some controversy over the past few years. It has been blocked intermittently in several countries including Syria, Pakistan and Iran. It has also been banned at many places of work to increase productivity. Privacy has also been an issue, and it has been compromised several times. Community mindset: connect Primary demographic: 25 to 45 Ideal fit for: entertainment, lifestyle brands, and non-profits Biggest opportunity: using ads to build fans Biggest challenge: few appreciate Facebook advertising Metrics: fans, comments, likes, wall posts Helpful tools: Lexicon, ad interface, applications, analytics, connect, etc. Orkut Orkut is a social networking website that is owned and operated by Google Inc. The service is designed to help users meet new friends and maintain existing relationships. The website is named after its creator, Google employee Orkut Bà ¼yà ¼kkà ¶kten. Although Orkut is less popular in the United States than competitors Facebook and MySpace, it is one of the most visited websites in India and Brazil. In fact, as of December 2009, 51.09% of Orkuts users are from Brazil, followed by India with 20.02% and United States with 17.28%. Originally hosted in California, in August 2008 Google announced that Orkut would be fully managed and operated in Brazil, by Google Brazil, in the city of Belo Horizonte. This was decided due to the large Brazilian user base and growth of legal issues. As of July 2010, Alexa traffic ranked Orkut 65th in the world; the website currently has more than 100 million active users worldwide. Anyone of age above 13 years can join orkut. Community mindset: connect Primary demographic: 15 to 25 Ideal fit for: entertainment, lifestyle brands, and non-profits Biggest opportunity: Community building Biggest challenges: noisy; losing market share quickly Metrics: friends, favorites, groups, impressions Helpful tools: Open Platform, Orkut Promote LinkedIn LinkedIn is a business-oriented social networking site. Founded in December 2002 and launched in May 2003, it is mainly used for professional networking. As of 21 June 2010, LinkedIn had more than 70 million registered users, spanning more than 200 countries and territories worldwide. The site is available in English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish. Membership The membership grows by a new member approximately every second. About half of the members are in the United States and 11 million are from Europe. With 3 million users, India is the fastest-growing country as of 2009. The Netherlands has the highest adoption rate per capita outside the US at 30%. Community mindset: connect Primary demographic: 35 to 55 Ideal fit for: service providers, industry associations Biggest opportunity: creating thought leadership via QA and Groups Biggest challenge: time commitment Metrics: profile connections, best answers, group members, discussions Helpful tools: Applications, Salesforce plug-in Twitter Twitter is a social networking and microblogging service that enables its users to send and read other user messages called tweets. Tweets are text-based posts of up to 140 characters displayed on the authors profile page. Tweets are publicly visible by default, however senders can restrict message delivery to their friends list. Users may subscribe to other author tweets-this is known as following and subscribers are known as followers. As of late 2009, users can follow lists of authors instead of following individual authors.[5][6] All users can send and receive tweets via the Twitter website, compatible external applications (such as, for smartphones), or by Short Message Service (SMS) available in certain countries.[7] While the service is free, accessing it through SMS may incur phone service provider fees. Since its creation in 2006 by Jack Dorsey, Twitter has gained notability and popularity worldwide and currently has more than 100 million users worldwide. It is sometimes des cribed as the SMS of the Internet The use of Twitters application programming interface (API) for sending and receiving SMS from other applications often dominates the direct use of Twitter. Community mindset: create (micro blogging) Primary demographic: 35 to 45 Ideal fit for: service industry Biggest opportunity: customer service, consumer insight, sales and marketing Biggest challenges: noisy; reliability issues; platform limitations Metrics: followers, @ replies, retweets, direct messages, custom hashtags Helpful tools: BingTweets, TweetBeep, TweetDeck, HootSuite, CoTweet, Mr. Tweet, Twitalyzer, blog plug-ins YouTube YouTube is a video-sharing website on which users can upload, share, and view videos. Three former PayPal employees created YouTube in February 2005. In November 2006, YouTube, LLC was bought by Google Inc. for $1.65 billion, and is now operated as a subsidiary of Google. The company is based in San Bruno, California, and uses Adobe Flash Video technology to display a wide variety of user-generated video content, including movie clips, TV clips, and music videos, as well as amateur content such as video blogging and short original videos. Most of the content on YouTube has been uploaded by individuals, although media corporations including CBS, BBC, VEVO and other organizations offer some of their material via the site, as part of the YouTube partnership program. Unregistered users can watch the videos, while registered users are permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos. Videos that are considered to contain potentially offensive content are available only to registered users 18 and older. Community mindset: vote Primary demographic: 25 to 45 Ideal fit for: big brands and entertainment Biggest opportunity: creating viral content (e.g., United Breaks Guitars) Biggest challenges: noise; conversions Metrics: views, comments, subscribers, ratings Helpful tools: TubeMogul, YouTube Insight ABOUT PHONETHICS Phonethics Mobile Media was setup in Feb. 2006. It is essentially a Digital marketing and online promotion firm. The mission of the company- To create character-led Original Content Content Format: Short form Video, Animation Audio(15 sec 30 min) For commercial distribution on the wireless and emerging media. The company has its genesis in a 9 year old Advertising and computer film production company, Ethics. Phonethics was founded by Saurabh Gupta along with an angel investor. The company is mentored by Prof. Deepak Jain (Dean- Kellogg College) and enjoys creative support and involvement from actor, Rahul Bose. The company has two divisions: IP products Division: Creating Character led content Services division: Executing advertising corporate assignments Phonethics specializes in creation of Short From content for the Web and Mobile platforms. Content creation abilities: Identifying and conceptualization- Scripting and Storyboard Video creation Shoot, Edit and produce video products Animation 2D and 3D Audio Music and Sound Design Currently Phonethics has a library of 8 characters with fully evolved storylines. Each character is representative of a particular vertical of content. The base content for all forms of media is Video, Animation pieces with affiliate products in the form of Ringtones, Wallpapers, etc. PROJECT DETAILS Overview Campaigns Worked On: Take Care Take Charge ( An initiative by Garnier Times of India) Nissan Micra Responsibilities At Phonethics, I was absorbed as an employee and put on to the Business Development team as a team leader. The first month was clogged with sales and promotional work, where I was expected to understand their clients and working style. Combined with constant mentoring and on-the-job training, I got the opportunity to add value to myself as well as the organization. Working on two different brands catering to diverse target audiences threw light on the dynamics of the Indian Markets. In order to successfully and effectively carry out the promotional work it was necessary to understand the needs of the respective clients and cater to them. TAKE CARE TAKE CHARGE Project Overview Take Care Take Charge was promoted by Garnier and Times of India. It was a 45 day campaign built around the topic of paper recycling.  Beginning from April 22, Over the next 45 days, this campaign helped to build a greenhouse of ideas to help build a greener planet. For every idea received, Garnier and the Times of India bought 10 kilograms of used paper. And on June 5 World Environment Day the campaign culminated with an entirely recycled special edition of the Times of India. Many Sustainable solutions to environmental issues under the following broad themes: transport and vehicular pollution; heritage and cultural conservation; and biodiversity and greening were generated. All the ideas were shared on www.takecaretakecharge.in Ideas was judged on robustness, scalability, ease of implementation and cost. Ten ideas per city was finalized by the Centre of Environment Education. The shortlisted ideas was not only published in the Times of India, but also was recommended to the government for implementation. Project Objective Times of India approached Phonethics with a main objective of creating a buzz about the campaign and invite green ideas from the users across the 6 cities using TOI network as a platform. Promotional Strategies Adopted Website development Banner advertisement Search Engine Marketing (SEM), Social Media Optimization (SMO), Social Media Management (SMM) SMS Bursts Facebook Ads Project Execution Design Development of Website on the Green Theme Banner advertisements featured in TOI and allied websites. Social Media Engagement in popular social networking sites such as Facebook, Orkut and Twitter. Due to SMO, Traffic to TCTC website increased, Generating Leads The Campaign was also optimized in the Mobile world with users being able to send in their ideas using their cellphone which were featured as Daily Contributions in the website Mailer was sent to each lead asking for a proper description of the idea in the defined format. Every week , Of the ideas submitted from 6 cities , 10 of them where published as Featured Ideas the in website At end of the campaign, 60 Best Ideas from the 6 cities were published Vital Stats Impressions: 545, 29,895 Clicks: 47,565 Ideas Registered: 5000+ Page Views: 126,789 SCREENSHOTS City Specific Idea Count was displayed on the Map of India Users could send in their ideas through their mobile which is published as a daily contribution NISSAN MICRA Project Overview The All new fourth generation Nissan Micra was unveiled at the 2010 Geneva Motor Show. Nissan India was planning to launch the small car named Micra in India on 15th July 2010 and its success would play a very crucial and key role in plans of Nissan for Indian Market. New Nissan Micra would be an excellent combination of newer generation cutting edge technology, exceptional design and advanced features. Developed and built on Nissans all-new V-platform, the new Nissan Micra was designed and tested in Japan to be built in at least four overseas locations, and fine-tuned to meet the differing tastes and needs of customers in 160 countries worldwide. The main threat being faced by Nissan in India was the low brand awareness in the minds of Indians. Nissan had to tap into the small car segment that was already wrought with fierce competition. Nissan approached Phonethics Mobile Media to handle the entire digital campaign for Micra. They were concerned about getting maximum number of bookings through the 11 dealers spread across India. Project Objective(s) Create a microsite for lead generation Display banner ads on popular websites where the intended small car buying audience visits Create and maintain a fan page on the popular social networking website FACEBOOK to facilitate direct interaction with the intended target audience Run an ad campaign on Facebook Reach and interact with the prospective buyers through social media websites Promotional Strategies Adopted Do the initial research and check where competitors and other small car makers display banner ads Send greetings to individuals who have shown interest and signed up at the microsite. Create promotional messages for the activity keeping in mind the appropriate forum/community Tracking codes were implemented for independent community managers for tracking and filtering clicks and to generate accurate report of clicks. Update the microsite with the updates of the company. Project Execution The work started off by creating a microsite for generating leads and capturing interest. A FACEBOOK fan page was made and latest updates about Nissan Micra were regularly posted. Customer queries were also managed mainly dealing with the car price, availability and technical specifications. Community managers were assigned the work of posting details about the car on relevant communities and groups. The FACEBOOK fan page generated close to 2000 fans in a short span of a month. FACEBOOK fan page was integral in engaging the audience and generating brand awareness amongst the younger internet savvy crowd. Around 1000 bookings were generated even before the TV ads had started playing. Vital Stats *** Till 17th June10 Impressions: 95,88,621 Clicks: 54,447 Leads Generated: 5861 Page Views: 153,491 SCREEN SHOTS A banner ad on display at a popular website Measuring Performance The three most common ways in which online advertising is purchased are CPM, CPC and CPA CPM (Cost per Mille), also called Cost per Impression (CPI), is where advertisers pay for exposure of their message to a specific audience. Per mille means per thousand impressions or loads of an advertisement. However, some impressions may not be counted, such as a reload or internal user action. The M in the acronym is the Roman numeral for one thousand. CPV (Cost per Visitor) or (Cost per View in the case of Pop Ups and Unders) is where advertisers pay for the delivery of a Targeted Visitor to the advertisers website. CPC (Cost Per Click) is also known as Pay per click (PPC).Advertisers pay each time a user clicks on their listing and is redirected to their website. They do not actually pay for the listing, but only when the listing is clicked on. This system allows advertising specialists to refine searches and gain information about their market. Under the Pay per click pricing system, advertisers pay for the right to be listed under a series of target rich words hat direct relevant traffic to their website, and pay only when someone clicks on their listing which links directly to their website. CPC differs from CPV in that each click is paid for regardless of whether the use makes it to the target site. CPA (Cost per Action) or (Cost per Acquisition) advertising is performance based and is common in the affiliate marketing sector of the business. In this payment scheme , the publisher takes all the risk of running the ad, and the advertiser pays only for the amount of users who complete a transaction, such as a purchase or sign-up. This is the best type of rate to pay for banner advertisements and the worst type of rate to charge. Similarly. CPL (Cost per Lead)advertising is identical to CPA advertising and is based on the user completing a form, registering for a newsletter or some other action that the merchant feels will lead to a sale, Also common, CPO (Cost per Order) advertising is based on each time an order is transacted. Cost per conversion Describes the cost of acquiring a customer typically calculated by dividing the total cost of an ad campaign by the number of conversions. The Definition: Conversion varies depending on the situation: it is sometimes considered to be a lead, a sale or a purchase. CPE (Cost per Engagement) is a form of Cost Per Action pricing first introduced in March 2008.Differing from cost per impression or cost per click models, a CPE model means advertising impressions are free and advertisers pay only when a user engages with their specific ad unit. Engagement is defined as a user interacting with an ad in any number of ways. @ Phonethics The success of any running campaign can be measured and reviewed using the Google analytics tool. This tool gives a complete break up of where the traffic has originated. The tool gives details about the website from which traffic was generated the search keywords used to to reach the landing page etc. Any campaign can be reviewed on the following parameters Number of clicks received: Campaign-wise, as on any date (beginning from te 1st day of the campaign) Graphical representation of the websites through which traffic is being directed to th desired Landing page Regional graph providing details of where the clicks are coming from Number of Clicks, banner ad location wise, which can measure the effectiveness of a particular banner ad.

Alzheimers Disease Essay -- Alzheimers Disease Essays

Alzheimer’s Disease   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Imagine waking up one morning and you cannot remember where you are or your own child’s name. This could be a direct sign that you or a family member has Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease is a form of dementia, which means that it affects certain functions of the brain such as memory, logic, and everyday bodily functions. This disease was first described by a doctor named Alois Alzheimer in 1906. He discovered unusual growths of fibers in the brains of woman that had died from an unusual mental illness (National Institute, 1995).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people do not realize how severe this disease really is. These people also do not realize how much of a risk there is of developing the disease. Four million people in the United States today are afflicted with Alzheimer’s disease. It is estimated that about 22 million people around the world currently have this disease (St.George-Hyslop, 2000). Another very interesting fact about Alzheimer’s is that the changes in the brain take place 20 to 40 years before the patient shows any symptoms. About ten percent of Americans have this disease by the age of 65, and about 50 percent of Americans have the disease by the age of 85. People can live well into their 90s, and they still retain most of their memories and control of their bodies (Kahn, 1998). This disease is a disease that everyone in the United States should be concerned about.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Scientists believe that they know what causes this disease to occur. It is caused by proteins in the brain that go terribly wrong. These proteins form clusters inside the brain, and they produce a toxin that affects nerve cells. These nerve cells are then lost, and this affects certain parts of the brain that control certain functions. This directly affects two parts of the brain, the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex. These two parts of the brain control memory, reasoning, language, and other bodily functions (St. George-Hyslop, 2000). Alzheimer’s disease has a major effect on not only the patient’s life, but on the lives of the patient’s family as well. This disease takes a very slow path in its development. It may start as just some short-term memory loss. This means that a person with Alzheimer’s may forget little things, like what he or she ate for dinner last night or why they went to the refrigerator. These symptoms can be overlooked as j... ...In Kahn’s story (1998) a daughter of a patient was very pleased with Aricept, â€Å"’ the reversal of her condition was remarkable. For over a year, I kind of got my mom back (p,18).’† This disease is obviously a horrible one. It can rip a family apart, and there is nothing that can be done about it. Hopefully, one day a cure will be found, but in the mean time, Alzheimer’s disease has total control over a person who is afflicted with it. It also has control over the family of the person afflicted with it. Almost everyone in this country has some sort of tie to this disease, and this is why more research should be done in hopes of finding a cure. References Kahn, C. (2007, November, 8). New drugs and hope for Alzheimer’s patients. Parade Magazine, 16-19. National Institute on Aging. (1995). Alzheimer’s Disease Fact Sheet. Retrieved October 22, 2008, from the World Wide Web: http://www.alzheimers.org/pubs/adfact.html Shenk, D. (2001, November-December). The War on Alzheimer’s. My Generation, 15-20. St. George-Hyslop, P.H. (2005). Piecing Together Alzheimer’s. Retrieved October 22, 2008, from the World Wide Web: http://www.sciam.com/2000/1200issue/1200stgeorge.html

Relationships in The Storm, The Yellow Wallpaper and Young Goodman Brow

  Because writing is inherently romantic in nature, throughout the history of literature, we see many authors' insights into the enigmatic and often ambiguous subject of love and relationships. Three short stories penned by three separate American writers deal with such matter: Charlotte Perkins Gillman in "The Yellow Wallpaper", Kate Chopin in "The Storm", and Nathaniel Hawthorne in "Young Goodman Brown." Though the relationships presented in each of these stories are unique in their own persuasion, the same underlying theme runs true in all. At first glance all of these relationships may appear healthy in their existence; however, further introspection uncovers specific maladies which I believe elicit much of the discord which arises within each of these writings. All of the husbands in the aforementioned short stories evoke, though some more subtly than others, varying degrees of conflict. Gillman's "The Yellow Wallpaper" is a story pertaining to, and narrated by, a women suffering from depression after the recent birth of a child. Although the name of the women in the story is never revealed, many believe this is short story is an excerpt from the author's life. Much of the setting of the story takes place in an aging mansion recently inhabited by the narrator and John, the narrator's husband. Due to her affliction and under strict instruction of her husband John, who is also a physician, the narrator is sentenced to bed rest in one of the upper rooms of the house. The walls of the room in which the narrator is forced to occupy, are enveloped with decrepit yellow wallpaper displaying an irksome pattern which, coupled with the ennui of doing nothing, works in a maleficent manner on the mental sanctity of the narrator. The ... ...horne suggests in his writing that Brown fell victim to the latter. "Often, awakening suddenly at midnight,", Hawthorne says of Goodman Brown, "he shrank from the bosom of Faith; and at morning or eventide, when the family knelt down at prayer, he scowled and muttered to himself, and gazed sternly at his wife, and turned a Many, I am sure, could interpret or acquisition other sources of conflict for each of the three given stories, as could I. However, I have shown that the ultimate inception of discord must be attributed to the husbands in these stories. Though with varying degrees of distinctness, John's inability to truly understand his wife's needs in "The Yellow Wallpaper", Bobinot's apathy towards Calixta in "The Storm", and Brown's want of faith in "Young Goodman Brown", each act as the kindling used to incite the flame of conflict within these writings.   

Price trends of personal computers Essay

Charles Babbage invented the first computer in the 19th century. Since then various models have evolved and advancing technology has created machines that can achieve superhuman tasks within seconds leaving no room for error. These processing machines have revolutionized all aspects of human lives starting from simple typing and calculations to enabling complex business transactions and connecting millions of individuals to huge volumes of data and information available at their fingertips. An individual can now access unlimited information through the Internet, communicate online through emails and chats, carry on business meetings sitting in their homes with delegates located at the other end of the globe through video conferencing and reach out to millions of potential consumers for their products and services with the help of e-commerce applications. The computer has come a long way in the past few years and the increased utility and broadened scope has raised the market demand for this gadget in the global market. Market Demand for Personal Computers The market demand for personal computers has witnessed huge increase in the past few years. Initially computers were purchased by only a handful of individuals and organizations limited to government and large corporations. This was largely accountable to the huge costs involved in acquiring a computer added to the space constraint that it posed due to its big size. The computers would occupy a single room with too much wires and power requirements that required heavy maintenance and careful handling. However, with advancing technology the size of computers began to get smaller and smaller and the manufacturing of smaller processing chips made this possible. The smaller size of computers made it possible for the consumers to purchase for their businesses and eventually for their homes. Today the economy is greatly driven by the computers and their all-pervading applications that have transformed the way business strategies are designed and implemented. The e-commerce and online training and learning applications have created a huge market demand for computers in all spheres of life. This gadget has made it possible for individuals to carry on working from the comforts of their homes without having to commute to their offices on a regular basis. Schools, colleges, other educational and training institutions, along with shops and establishments, malls, small or big business enterprises cannot do without computers. Most business establishments have computerized their operations and departmental processes to catch up with times and reap the extraordinary benefits of faster and accurate processing of work. The rapid advancement in the telecommunication sector too has made a big impact on the sales of computers. The availability of high-speed broadband connectivity along with cheaper rates has boosted the market for these machines both in developed and developing countries. The sales of computers have gone up in the past few decades owing to these factors. Human beings by nature are possessed with the desire to have the latest technology and this holds much credence with the high tech savvy younger generations who are the prime user groups and consumers of these gadgets. The more advanced the technology the greater the appeal it holds for this group of consumers. The first personal computer MITS Altair 8080 was launched in the year 1975 and only a few thousand machines were sold within a period of 1 year of the launch. The market for personal computers has now reached to more than 4. 4 million units of personal computers sold in the year 2007 (source: just4business. com). The market share for macintosh gradually declined from 3. 2 percent in the year 1999 to 1. 98 percent in the year 2004 and the IBM personal computers gaining stronghold over the market. Source: Ars technica Price trend of computers Pricing of a product is an important determinant in establishing the market share and personal computers too have witnessed a steady fall in the price segment largely to attract greater market share. The pricing trend in the computer industry is to a great extent influenced by the rapid pace of advancing technology that renders the existing one obsolete in matter of a few years. The users are left with no other option but to upgrade their existing machines or invest in new improved versions equipped with latest features and enhancements. This trend is unique to the computer industry and can be evidenced in the regular pace of new models and versions that have in fluxed the market within the past one-decade. The massive supercomputers have given way to smaller desktops that rapidly paved the way for portable laptops and notebooks. Another essential factor that has influenced the pricing trend of computers is the universality in applications of computers today. The wide range of tasks and areas in which the computers have found universal acceptance has created a huge demand for these machines. The growing demand and increasing applications thus play a significant role in determining the price of computers. Initially the price of supercomputers ranged approximately between US$ 5 million to US$ 25 million. With advancing technology and increased usage the price of computers started dropping heavily. The price of personal computers has been witnessing a downward curve in the past few years despite growing demand. A survey carried out by the German Association for Information Management, Telecommunications, and New Media the number of computers sold in the year 2007 reached 4. illion units. The prices have dropped owing to the increasing demand and supply of various models in the market. Owing to the huge market demand for personal computers many suppliers have entered the market manufacturing on a large scale resulting in increased supply of machines. Moreover, the computer industry being very dynamic in character accounts for new models featuring enhanced technology and improved capabilities being introduced at a rapid pace. This renders the old models obsolete requiring regular upgradation and feature enhancements. The extraordinary pace at which technology is producing new versions and chips having increased processing capacities the market are always flooded with new models and new technology. If the supplier wants to reap benefits from the market he needs to keep the models within accessible price range to lure the customers into buying his product. High price ranges will shift the consumers to other models having similar features or even better the assembled personal computer that can be very cost effective for the consumers. Too many alternatives and choices available in the market have spoiled the consumers to a great extent. The Gartner report on computer sales states that the ongoing replacement cycle has defined the increasing sales of personal computers. It is observed that the last strong phase for the sales of personal computers was in the year 1999 and the recent years have witnessed increasing sales of laptops and notebooks as replacement to their desktop computers. More and more suppliers have in fluxed the market with new models and features in laptops and notebooks and the prices of these categories of computers have dropped by nearly 25 percent since 2006. This strategy is aimed at attracting more consumers to buy their brands and the manufacturers also realize that since the consumer has several alternatives available to him price can be an important decision making factor in influencing purchase. The basic law of demand and supply influences the principle of price economics. There are many theories attached to pricing strategies adopted by businesses globally but the fundamental principle lays the same for all products or services. â€Å"Many factors affect the quantity and type of goods producers supply and the quantity and types of goods consumers buy, and all these variables are integrated into one unit: price. In a free market, prices are based on the interaction of supply and demand, which themselves are based on individual judgements and values, not on executive caprice. Prices are not subjective† (Saraka, 2008). Conclusion The 21st century has witnessed many changes in the computer industry with new enhanced operating systems making their way into the market and better-equipped hardware attracting the consumer attention. The market share for both personal computers and laptops increased steadily with exploding demand from all corners of the globe.